隨著科學技術的(de)發展，人們對(dui)工業(ye)生產過程中的(de)自(zi)動(dong)化程度要求(qiu)越(yue)來越(yue)高。越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)機(ji)器(qi)人被應用到生產線(xian)上(shang)(shang)，依(yi)諾瑪(ma)AGV叉車(che)正是(shi)其中的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)，這是(shi)一(yi)款(kuan)在運(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程中不需要駕駛(shi)員(yuan)，車(che)子上(shang)(shang)裝有自(zi)動(dong)導引裝置，可以按(an)照預定的(de)軌道循(xun)環運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)無(wu)人叉車(che)。那么今天就和小編一(yi)起分(fen)析AGV叉車(che)各種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式的(de)特點，大(da)致對(dui)AGV的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式按(an)以下(xia)四種(zhong)分(fen)類討論：

（1）按充電時間可分為：隨機充電和全周期充電

隨機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)即在 AGV的(de)各停泊站，無時間(jian)限制地隨時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果有較多的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)點，保證AGV在工作過程中損耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能得(de)到及時的(de)補充(chong)，實現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)淺充(chong)淺放，將極大的(de)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，且可減小所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量。

全周(zhou)期充電(dian)(dian)(dian)則要求AGV退(tui)出服務(wu)并進(jin)人指(zhi)定的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)區且當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷降至指(zhi)定范(fan)圍(wei)時方可進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

也有的(de)AGV采用上述兩種相結合的(de)充電(dian)方式。

（2）按充電區域可分為：在線充電和離線充電

在線充(chong)(chong)電(dian)即AGV不駛離(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)線路，不需要(yao)專門的(de)時間進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。而是(shi)利(li)用工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)短暫的(de)停(ting)駐時間進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種完全(quan)利(li)用碎片時間，不占(zhan)用工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)式實際上就是(shi)隨機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)延伸。只(zhi)是(shi)把充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站點嵌入到AGV的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)流(liu)程(cheng)中(zhong)，更(geng)進(jin)一步(bu)的(de)提升AGV的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率。

離線充電即AGV退出服務，駛(shi)入充電區或專門的充電臺位(wei)進行充電。

（3）按操作方法分類可分為：手動、換電池和自動充電

當AGV電(dian)力不(bu)足時，由地面控制(zhi)中(zhong)心指(zhi)揮(hui)，駛向指(zhi)定充(chong)電(dian)區或臺(tai)位，由專職人(ren)(ren)(ren)員手動(dong)完成AGV與充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)之(zhi)間的電(dian)器(qi)連(lian)接，然(ran)后實(shi)施充(chong)電(dian)。完成后也是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)去脫離連(lian)接電(dian)路 恢復工(gong)作狀態。手動(dong)充(chong)電(dian)AGV 的特(te)點是(shi)安(an)全可靠(kao)，簡單(dan)易行，設備成本較低(di)。常用于(yu)自動(dong)化程度要求不(bu)是(shi)很高，車少人(ren)(ren)(ren)多，標準工(gong)作制(zhi)的場合。且為(wei)保證AGV的續航能力需要配備較大容(rong)量的電(dian)池。無法實(shi)現(xian)AGV全天24小時連(lian)續工(gong)作。

更(geng)換電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)即當(dang)AGV電(dian)力(li)(li)不(bu)足時，由(you)專(zhuan)職人(ren)(ren)員手動更(geng)換電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，AGV即可(ke)投入使用(yong)。換下的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)通(tong)過充(chong)電(dian)后待用(yong)。其特點(dian)是簡單快捷，可(ke)實(shi)現AGV全天24小時連(lian)續工作。但需(xu)多一倍的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，成本高且(qie)方式原始(shi)。常用(yong)于(yu)對(dui)工作響(xiang)應的及時性要求較高、車不(bu)足的場合。以(yi)上兩種方式都需(xu)要專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)看管，浪(lang)費人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)，而且(qie)自動化程(cheng)度降低。一旦漏充(chong)，就(jiu)會(hui)造成AGV無法(fa)工作。

自動(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)即當(dang)AGV需(xu)要補充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)力時，會(hui)自動(dong)報告并請求充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，由地面控制中心指揮(hui)，駛向指定(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)或臺(tai)位，車(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)連接(jie)器與地面充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統自動(dong)連接(jie)并實施充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)完成后(hou)AGV小車(che)自動(dong)脫(tuo)離充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統，駛向工作(zuo)區(qu)(qu)或待命區(qu)(qu)投入正常運行。自動(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)AGV適(shi)用于工作(zuo)周期長(chang)，車(che)多(duo)人少，自動(dong)化(hua)程度(du)高(gao)的場合。

（4）按充電器電氣連接方法分為：接觸式充電和無線充電

接(jie)觸(chu)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)即所有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)回路需要用(yong)電(dian)(dian)纜和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)將車(che)輛與供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)連接(jie)，以(yi)便可以(yi)直接(jie)對(dui)其進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。接(jie)觸(chu)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)可提(ti)供(gong)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，以(yi)實(shi)現快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。目前是離線充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)首選方(fang)式(shi)。但其不適用(yong)于頻繁的(de)隨(sui)機(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，且存在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)磨損，需要定期更換。并可能在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中產生火花，存在(zai)(zai)安全(quan)隱患。另外因為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)系暴露(lu)部(bu)件，無(wu)法在(zai)(zai)低(di)溫凝露(lu)、潮濕、易燃易爆等環(huan)境下(xia)正常工作(zuo)。

無(wu)線充(chong)電(dian)(dian)即非(fei)接觸充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)，不(bu)需要用(yong)電(dian)(dian)纜將車輛與(yu)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)連接，它拋棄了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)觸頭(tou)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器及用(yong)電(dian)(dian)的裝置(zhi)都(dou)可以做到(dao)無(wu)導電(dian)(dian)接點外(wai)露。無(wu)線充(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)端(duan)與(yu)AGV 儲能系(xi)統(tong)之間實現電(dian)(dian)氣隔離，從(cong)根(gen)本上消除直插式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法帶來(lai)的弊(bi)端(duan)。更加安全，適用(yong)性更廣。

現階段的AGV無(wu)線充(chong)電產品(pin)，充(chong)電效率已和接觸式充(chong)電系統相當(dang)。因(yin)其無(wu)觸點(dian)磨損且(qie)(qie)智能化程度較(jiao)高，非(fei)常適合在線充(chong)電。已完全做到了即(ji)來即(ji)充(chong)，即(ji)走即(ji)停。進(jin)一步提高了AGV使(shi)用(yong)過程的自動化程度。但其技術復雜(za)，成本較(jiao)高。且(qie)(qie)10KW以(yi)上的無(wu)線充(chong)電器體(ti)積較(jiao)大，不適合AGV使(shi)用(yong)。